Bi-directional communication for cellular and wireless local area network frequency bands

ABSTRACT

Described herein are systems, devices, and methods for front end configurations that support bi-directional communication for cellular and wireless local area network signals. The configurations include an antenna triplexer, a first multiplexer, and a second multiplexer. A first filter of the triplexer is coupled to a signal port of the first multiplexer, a second filter of the triplexer is coupled to a first signal port of the second multiplexer, and a third filter of the triplexer is coupled to a second signal port of the second multiplexer. The first multiplexer processes cellular frequency bands and the second multiplexer processes cellular frequency bands and wireless local area network signals. Each frequency band includes a duplexer to enable bi-directional communication.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/374,691 filed Apr. 3, 2019 and entitled “DIVERSITY RECEIVERCONFIGURATIONS WITHOUT CASCADED FILTERS,” which is a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/689,824 filed Aug. 29, 2017 andentitled “MULTI-STANDARD RADIO SWITCHABLE MULTIPLEXER,” which claimspriority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/380,820 filed Aug. 29,2016 and entitled “MULTI-STANDARD RADIO SWITCHABLE MULTIPLEXER,” each ofwhich is expressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety forall purposes.

BACKGROUND Field

The present disclosure generally relates to front-end modules forwireless communication applications.

Description of Related Art

Wireless communication devices typically include components in afront-end module that are configured to filter and/or amplify receivedradio-frequency (RF) signals. The RF signals can be cellular signals,wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, GPS signals, BLUETOOTH®signals, or the like. The front-end module can be configured to directthese signals to appropriate filters, amplifiers, and/or downstreammodules for processing.

SUMMARY

According to a number of implementations, the present disclosure relatesto a reconfigurable multiplexer that includes a switching networkincluding multi-path operability and connectability to a signal port.The reconfigurable multiplexer also includes a first filter implementedbetween the switching network and a first bi-directional port that isassociated with a first radio access network and a second filterimplemented between the switching network and a second bi-directionalport that is associated with a second radio access network. Thereconfigurable multiplexer also includes a controller implemented tocontrol the switching network to provide a respective signal pathbetween the signal port and each of either or both of the firstbi-directional port and the second bi-directional port.

In some embodiments, the first filter is configured to pass a firstcellular frequency band that corresponds to the first radio accessnetwork. In further embodiments, the second filter is configured to passa wireless local area network frequency band that corresponds to thesecond radio access network. In yet further embodiments, thereconfigurable multiplexer further includes a third filter implementedbetween the switching network and a third bi-directional port that isassociated with a third radio access network. In yet furtherembodiments, the third filter is configured to pass a second cellularfrequency band that corresponds to the third radio access network, thewireless local area network frequency band being between the firstcellular frequency band and the second cellular frequency band. In yetfurther embodiments, the switching network is configured to couple anycombination of the first filter, the second filter, and the third filterto the signal port simultaneously. In further embodiments, thecontroller controls the switching network to provide a respective signalpath between the signal port and any one or more of the firstbi-directional port, the second bi-directional port, and the thirdbi-directional port.

According to a number of implementations, the present disclosure relatesto a front end architecture that includes a reconfigurable multiplexerincluding a switching network having multi-path operability andconnectability to a signal port and a filter assembly implementedbetween the switching network and a plurality of bi-directional portseach associated with a plurality of radio access networks. The front endarchitecture also includes an amplifier assembly coupled to the filterassembly, the amplifier assembly configured to amplify signals receivedfrom the filter assembly. The front end architecture also includes acontroller implemented to control the switching network to providerespective signal paths between the signal port and any permutation ofone or more of the plurality of bi-directional ports.

In some embodiments, the filter assembly includes at least one filterconfigured to pass signals within a wireless local area networkfrequency band. In some embodiments, at least one signal path from thefilter assembly to one of the plurality of bi-directional ports does notpass through the amplifier assembly. In further embodiments, the atleast one signal path corresponds to a radio access network associatedwith a wireless local area network frequency band. In furtherembodiments, the front end architecture further includes a duplexerconfigured to receive signals that pass through the at least one filterof the filter assembly. In further embodiments, the controller isfurther configured to control the duplexer.

In some embodiments, the filter assembly includes a first plurality offilters, each of the first plurality of filters being configured to passsignals within a respective cellular frequency band; and a secondplurality of filters, each of the second plurality of filters beingconfigured to pass signals within a respective wireless local areanetwork frequency band. In further embodiments, the front endarchitecture also includes a duplexer associated with each of the secondplurality of filters.

According to a number of implementations, the present disclosure relatesto a wireless device that includes a diversity antenna and a triplexerconfigured to receive signals from the diversity antenna and to providesignals in a first frequency range along a first path and to providesignals in a second frequency range along a second path. The wirelessdevice also includes a first reconfigurable multiplexer coupled to thefirst path from the triplexer at a first signal port, the firstreconfigurable multiplexer including a first switching network and afirst filter assembly implemented between the first switching networkand a first plurality of bi-directional ports associated with a firstplurality of radio access networks. The wireless device also includes afirst amplifier assembly coupled to the first filter assembly, the firstamplifier assembly configured to amplify signals received from the firstfilter assembly. The wireless device also includes a secondreconfigurable multiplexer coupled to the second path from the triplexerat a second signal port, the second reconfigurable multiplexer includinga second switching network and a second filter assembly implementedbetween the second switching network and a second plurality ofbi-directional ports associated with a second plurality of radio accessnetworks. The wireless device also includes a second amplifier assemblycoupled to the second filter assembly, the second amplifier assemblyconfigured to amplify signals received from the second filter assembly.The wireless device also includes a controller implemented to controlthe first switching network to provide respective signal paths betweenthe first signal port and any permutation of one or more of the firstplurality of bi-directional ports and to control the second switchingnetwork to provide respective signal paths between the second signalport and any permutation of one or more of the second plurality ofbi-directional ports.

In some embodiments, the second plurality of radio access networksincludes at least one radio access network corresponding to a wirelesslocal area network frequency band. In some embodiments, the triplexer isfurther configured to receive signals from the diversity antenna and toprovide signals in a third frequency range along a third path. Infurther embodiments, the second multiplexer is coupled to the third pathfrom the triplexer at a third signal port, the second reconfigurablemultiplexer including a third switching network that receives signalsfrom the third signal port and directs them to a third plurality ofbi-directional ports associated with a third plurality of radio accessnetworks. In yet further embodiments, the third plurality of radioaccess networks includes at least one radio access network correspondingto a wireless local area network frequency band.

According to a number of implementations, the present disclosure relatesto a diversity receiver module that includes a packaging substrateconfigured to receive a plurality of components and a reconfigurablemultiplexer implemented on the packaging substrate, the reconfigurablemultiplexer including a switching network including multi-pathoperability and connectability to a signal port, a first filterimplemented between the switching network and a first bi-directionalport that is associated with a first radio access network, and a secondfilter implemented between the switching network and a secondbi-directional port that is associated with a second radio accessnetwork. The diversity receiver module also includes a controllerimplemented on the packaging substrate, the controller configured tocontrol the switching network to provide a respective signal pathbetween the signal port and each of either or both of the firstbi-directional port and the second bi-directional port.

In some embodiments, the second radio access network corresponds to awireless local area network frequency band.

According to a number of implementations, the present disclosure relatesto a wireless device that includes a primary antenna and a diversityantenna spaced apart from the primary antenna, the diversity antennaconfigured to receive wireless signals corresponding to a plurality ofradio access networks. The wireless device also includes a diversityreceiver module in communication with the diversity antenna, thediversity receiver module including a packaging substrate configured toreceive a plurality of components, the diversity receiver module furtherincluding a reconfigurable multiplexer implemented on the packagingsubstrate, the reconfigurable multiplexer including a switching networkincluding multi-path operability and connectability to a signal port, afirst filter implemented between the switching network and a firstbi-directional port that is associated with a first radio access networkof the plurality of radio access networks, and a second filterimplemented between the switching network and a second bi-directionalport that is associated with a second radio access network of theplurality of radio access networks. The wireless device also includes acontroller configured to control the switching network to provide arespective signal path between the signal port and each of either orboth of the first bi-directional port and the second bi-directionalport.

In some embodiments, the second radio access network corresponds to awireless local area network frequency band.

For purposes of summarizing the disclosure, certain aspects, advantagesand novel features have been described herein. It is to be understoodthat not necessarily all such advantages may be achieved in accordancewith any particular embodiment. Thus, the disclosed embodiments may becarried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage orgroup of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving otheradvantages as may be taught or suggested herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless device having a primary antenna and adiversity antenna.

FIG. 2 illustrates a diversity receiver (DRx) configuration including aDRx front-end module (FEM).

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a reconfigurable multiplexer that canbe implemented in a front end configuration.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of another reconfigurable multiplexer thatcan be implemented in a front end configuration.

FIG. 5 illustrates another example of a front end configuration thatincludes a plurality of filters coupled to a switching network in amultiplexer.

FIG. 6 illustrates a front end configuration that supports multiplecellular frequency bands and bi-directional communication for WLANsignals.

FIG. 7 illustrates a front end configuration that supports multiplecellular frequency bands and bi-directional communication for multipleWLAN signal bands.

FIG. 8 illustrates a front end configuration that includes multiplexersthat respectively support low-band (LB) cellular signals andmid-band/high-band (MB-HB) cellular signals with WLAN 2.4 GHz signals.

FIG. 9 illustrates a front end module configured to support LB, MB-HB,and ultrahigh-band (UHB) cellular signals as well as multiple WLANsignal frequency bands.

FIG. 10 illustrates a front end configuration configured forbi-directional communication for cellular frequency bands.

FIG. 11 illustrates a front end configuration that expands on the frontend configuration of FIG. 9 to support additional communicationstandards, such as LTE-LAA (License Assisted Access) that usesunlicensed spectrum to increase data throughput.

FIG. 12 illustrates a comparison of different filter and multiplexerarchitectures.

FIG. 13 illustrates that in some embodiments, some or all of thediversity receiver configurations can be implemented, wholly orpartially, in a module.

FIG. 14 illustrates that in some embodiments, some or all of thediversity receiver configurations can be implemented, wholly orpartially, in an architecture.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example wireless device having one or moreadvantageous features described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME EMBODIMENTS

The headings provided herein, if any, are for convenience only and donot necessarily affect the scope or meaning of the claimed invention.

Described herein are systems, devices, and methods for a multi-standardradio switchable multiplexer that is configured to process a pluralityof different radio access networks in the same module. For example,front end modules are disclosed that can concurrently process wirelesslocal area network (WLAN) signals and cellular signals. This allows asingle front end module to support concurrent operation of WLAN signalsand cellular signals. This can be done using the switching networksdescribed herein. In general, the described systems and methods can beconfigured to concurrently operate different radio systems (e.g.,cellular, BLUETOOTH, WLAN, GPS, etc.) without the use of cascadedfilters. This improves performance by reducing, for example, insertionlosses resulting from the use of cascaded filters.

Introduction

FIG. 1 shows a wireless device 100 having a primary antenna 130 and adiversity antenna 140. The wireless device includes an RF module 114 anda transceiver 112 that may be controlled by a controller 120. Thetransceiver 112 is configured to convert between analog signals (e.g.,radio-frequency (RF) signals) and digital data signals. To that end, thetransceiver 112 may include a digital-to-analog converter, ananalog-to-digital converter, a local oscillator for modulating ordemodulating a baseband analog signal to or from a carrier frequency, abaseband processor that converts between digital samples and data bits(e.g., voice or other types of data), or other components.

The RF module 114 is coupled between the primary antenna 130 and thetransceiver 112. Because the RF module 114 may be physically close tothe primary antenna 130 to reduce attenuation due to cable loss, the RFmodule 114 may be referred to as front-end module (FEM). The RF module114 may perform processing on an analog signal received from the primaryantenna 130 for the transceiver 112 or received from transceiver 112 fortransmission via the primary antenna 130. To that end, the RF module 114may include filters, power amplifiers, band select switches, matchingcircuits, and other components.

When a signal is transmitted to the wireless device, the signal may bereceived at both the primary antenna 130 and the diversity antenna 140.The primary antenna 130 and diversity antenna 140 may be physicallyspaced apart such that the signal at the primary antenna 130 anddiversity antenna 140 is received with different characteristics. Forexample, in one embodiment, the primary antenna 130 and diversityantenna 140 may receive the signal with different attenuation, noise,frequency response, or phase shift. The transceiver 112 may use both ofthe signals with different characteristics to determine data bitscorresponding to the signal. In some implementations, the transceiver112 selects from between the primary antenna 130 and the diversityantenna 140 based on the characteristics, such as selecting the antennawith the highest signal-to-noise ratio. In some implementations, thetransceiver 112 combines the signals from the primary antenna 130 andthe diversity antenna 140 to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of thecombined signal. In some implementations, the transceiver 112 processesthe signals to perform multiple-input/multiple-output (MiMo)communication.

In some embodiments, the diversity antenna 140 is configured to receivesignals within cellular frequency bands and wireless local area network(WLAN) frequency bands. In such embodiments, the wireless device 100 caninclude a multiplexer 142 coupled to the diversity antenna 140 that isconfigured to separate the diversity signal into different frequencyranges. For example, the multiplexer can be configured to include a lowpass filter that passes a frequency range that includes low bandcellular frequencies, a bandpass filter that passes a frequency rangethat includes low band WLAN signals and mid-band and high-band cellularsignals, and a high pass filter that passes a frequency range thatincludes high-band WLAN signals. This example is merely for illustrativepurpose. As another example, the multiplexer 142 can have a variety ofdifferent configurations such as a diplexer that provides thefunctionality of a high pass filter and a low pass filter. Additionalexample configurations are provided herein with different figures. It isto be understood, however, that the various configurations of themultiplexer 142 could be used with any suitable embodiment disclosedherein. In certain implementations, the multiplexer 142 comprises amulti-layer ceramic device, such as a low-temperature co-fired ceramic(LTCC).

Because the diversity antenna 140 is physically spaced apart from theprimary antenna 130, the diversity antenna 140 is coupled to thetransceiver 112 by a transmission line 135, such as a cable or a printedcircuit board (PCB) trace. In some implementations, the transmissionline 135 is lossy and attenuates the signal received at the diversityantenna 140 before it reaches the transceiver 112. Thus, in someimplementations, gain is applied to the signal received at the diversityantenna 140. The gain (and other analog processing, such as filtering)may be applied by the diversity receiver module 150. Because such adiversity receiver module 150 may be located physically close to thediversity antenna 140, it may be referred to a diversity receiverfront-end module, examples of which are described in greater detailherein.

FIG. 2 shows a diversity receiver (DRx) configuration 200 including aDRx front-end module (FEM) 150. The DRx configuration 200 includes adiversity antenna 140 that is configured to receive a diversity signaland provide the diversity signal to the DRx FEM 150 through a diplexer242. The diplexer 242 can be configured to pass first signals having afrequency above a first threshold along a first path to the DRx FEM 150and to pass second signals having a frequency below a second thresholdalong a second path to the DRx FEM 150. In some embodiments, the firstthreshold is greater than or equal to the second threshold. The firstsignals can include cellular signals (e.g., mid- and/or high-bandcellular frequencies) mixed with WLAN signals and the second signals caninclude cellular signals (e.g., low-band cellular frequencies). In someembodiments, the first signals include cellular signals (e.g., mid-and/or high-band cellular frequencies) with or without WLAN signals andthe second signals include cellular signals (e.g., low-band cellularfrequencies).

The DRx FEM 150 is configured to perform processing on the diversitysignals received from the diplexer 242. For example, the DRx FEM 150 maybe configured to filter the diversity signals to one or more activefrequency bands that can include cellular and/or WLAN frequency bands.The controller 120 can be configured to control the DRx FEM 150 toselectively direct signals to targeted filters to accomplish thefiltering. As another example, the DRx FEM 150 may be configured toamplify one or more of the filtered signals. To that end, the DRx FEM150 may include filters, low-noise amplifiers, band select switches,matching circuits, and other components. The controller 120 can beconfigured to interact with components in the DRx FEM 150 tointelligently select paths for the diversity signals through the DRx FEM150.

The DRx FEM 150 transmits at least a portion of the processed diversitysignals via a transmission line 135 to the transceiver 112. Thetransceiver 112 may be controlled by the controller 120. In someimplementations, the controller 120 may be implemented within thetransceiver 112.

The DRx FEM 150 may transmit at least a portion of the processeddiversity signals to a wireless local area network (WLAN) module 260. Ifthe diversity signal from the diversity antenna 140 includes WLANsignals, the controller 120 can control the DRx FEM 150 to direct suchsignals to the WLAN module 260.

The controller 120 can be configured to control the DRx FEM 150 toselectively direct signals to suitable signal paths. For example, thecontroller 120 and the DRx FEM 150 direct cellular signals through thetransmission line 135 to the transceiver 112 and direct WLAN signalsfrom the DRx FEM 150 to the WLAN module 260. Thus, the DRx configuration200 can be configured to receive and process signals corresponding tocellular communication and WLAN communication. The controller 120 can beconfigured to intelligently direct signals through the DRx FEM 150 sothat the received signal from the diversity antenna 140 is directedthrough appropriate filters and other components to reduce, for example,insertion losses.

Examples of Products and Architectures

In some wireless devices, it may be desirable to have simultaneousoperation between different radio systems. For example, it may bedesirable to have simultaneous operation between WLAN signals andcellular signals, BLUETOOTH® signals and cellular signals, GPS signalsand cellular signals, etc. A possible configuration to enable thissimultaneous operation includes a front end module for each radio systemthat is attached to an antenna to transmit and/or receive the targetedsignals. However, as the number of radio systems increases, so does thenumber of antennas required to achieve this desirable simultaneousoperation in such a configuration. This, for example, may make itchallenging for the industrial design of a portable device where smallsize is of considerable importance. Another possible configuration toachieve the desired simultaneous operation includes using a particularmultiplexer (e.g., an extractor) prior to any front end modules that isconfigured to extract and send targeted signals to corresponding frontend modules for processing. However, such a component may undesirablyadd size and may undesirably increase insertion losses.

Accordingly, to solve these and other problems, the disclosed systemsand methods integrate the multiplexing functionality into the front endmodule. The disclosed multi-standard, radio-switchable multiplexerssupport a shared radio antenna while reducing cost, size, and insertionloss relative to other existing configurations (e.g., extractors). Forexample, for a diversity cellular module sharing an antenna with a WLANmodule, a WLAN filter can be integrated into the multiplexer in thediversity receive module. This can reduce path losses. Furthermore, themultiplexer can be switchable so that in single mode operation (e.g., asingle radio access network), the loss is reduced and is comparable to asystem or module configured solely for single radio support. Thus, thedisclosed multiplexers and front end configurations are configured tointegrate and merge the multiplexing functionality into the front endcomponent (e.g., a DRx module, MiMo module, etc.) and to make themultiplexer switchable to reduce or optimize loss in various modes ofoperation (e.g., single, dual, etc. modes of operation).

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a reconfigurable multiplexer 311 thatcan be implemented in a front end configuration 310, such as a front endmodule, diversity receiver module, and/or multiple input multiple output(MiMo) module, examples of some of which are described herein. The frontend configuration 310 may be implemented in a module with multiple pathscorresponding to multiple frequency bands and/or different communicationprotocols. The front end configuration 310 includes a diversity antenna140 configured to receive a diversity signal. In some implementations,the diversity signal may be a single-band signal including datamodulated onto a single frequency band. In some implementations, thediversity signal may be a multi-band signal (also referred to as aninter-band carrier aggregation signal) including data modulated ontomultiple frequency bands and/or data modulated onto multiple frequencybands using different communication protocols.

The multiplexer 311 has an input 316 that receives the diversity signalfrom the diversity antenna 140 and a first output 317 a that provides aprocessed diversity signal to another component, such as a transceiverdescribed herein, and a second output 317 b that provides a secondprocessed signal to another component, such as a transceiver or a WLANmodule as described herein. In some embodiments, the second processedsignal is a WLAN signal that is sent to a WLAN module (not shown). Insome implementations, the diversity signal passes through a diplexer,triplexer, or other multiplexer prior to being received at the input316. The input 316 feeds into an input of a switching network 315. Theswitching network 315 includes a plurality of multiplexer outputs,individual outputs corresponding to a respective frequency band. Thefirst output 317 a and/or the second output 317 b may be transmitted toa second multiplexer (not shown) for combining the signals.

The frequency bands may be cellular frequency bands, such as UMTS(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) frequency bands. Forexample, a first frequency band may be UMTS downlink or “Rx” Band 2,between 1930 megahertz (MHZ) and 1990 MHz, and a second frequency bandmay be UMTS downlink or “Rx” Band 5, between 869 MHz and 894 MHz. Otherdownlink frequency bands may be used, such as those described below inTable 1 or other non-UMTS frequency bands. The frequency bands may alsoinclude wireless local area network (WLAN) frequency bands, such asfrequency bands that support IEEE 802.11 wireless communicationstandards. For example, a first WLAN frequency band may be the 2.4 GHzISM band (industrial, scientific, and medical) that may be between 2.4GHz and 2.4835 GHz and a second WLAN frequency band may be the 5 GHz ISMband that may be between 5.15 GHz and 5.825 GHz. Other WLAN frequencybands may be used as well.

The front end configuration 310 includes a controller 320 thatselectively activates one or more of the plurality of paths through theswitching network 315. The controller 320 can intelligently activateselected paths based at least in part on a band selection signalreceived from another component in the front end configuration 310 oranother component in a wireless device.

As noted herein, in some implementations, the diversity signal is asingle-band signal. Thus, in some implementations, the switching network315 is a single-pole/multiple-throw (SPMT) switch that routes thediversity signal to one of the plurality of paths corresponding to thefrequency band of the single-band signal based on a signal received fromthe controller 320. The controller 320 may generate the signal based ona band select signal received from another component in the front endconfiguration 310 or from another component of a wireless device. Insome instances, the single-band, diversity signal is a WLAN signal andthe controller 320 is configured to route the signal from themultiplexer 311 to the second output 317 b.

As noted herein, in some implementations, the diversity signal is amulti-band signal. Thus, in some implementations, the switching network315 is a signal splitter that routes the diversity signal to two or moreof the plurality of paths corresponding to the two or more frequencybands of the multi-band signal based on a splitter control signalreceived from the controller 320. The function of the signal splittermay be implemented as a SPMT switch, a diplexer filter, or somecombination of these. The controller 320 may generate the splittercontrol signal based on a band select signal received by the controller320 from another component or controller in the system.

Thus, in some implementations, the controller 320 is configured toselectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths based on aband select signal received by the controller 320. In someimplementations, the controller 320 is configured to selectivelyactivate one or more of the plurality of paths by transmitting asplitter control signal to a signal splitter such as the switchingnetwork 315.

The multiplexer 311 includes a plurality of bandpass filters 313 a, 313b. Each bandpass filter 313 a, 313 b is disposed along a correspondingone of the plurality of paths and configured to filter a signal receivedat the bandpass filter to the respective frequency band of the one ofthe plurality of paths. In some implementations, the bandpass filters313 a, 313 b are further configured to filter a signal received at thebandpass filter to a downlink frequency sub-band of the respectivefrequency band of the one of the plurality of paths.

The reconfigurable multiplexer 311 includes a switching network 315configured for multi-path operability and connectability to a signalport 316. The multiplexer 311 can be configured to providereconfigurable network selection using the switching network 315. Forexample, the multiplexer 311 can be configured to select one or moreradio access networks for processing by closing and/or opening selectedswitches or otherwise forming selected paths through the switchingnetwork 315 and directing signals to designated filters associated witha desired or targeted radio access network. The intelligence forselecting the enabled paths through the multiplexer 311 can be providedby a controller 320.

The reconfigurable multiplexer 311 includes a first filter 313 aimplemented between the switching network 315 and a first bi-directionalport 317 a that is associated with a first radio access network. Thereconfigurable multiplexer 311 also includes a second filter 313 bimplemented between the switching network 315 and a secondbi-directional port 317 b that is associated with a second radio accessnetwork. The filters 313 a, 313 b can be any suitable filter, such asthe filters described in greater detail elsewhere herein. In someimplementations, the filter 313 a is configured to filter signalscorresponding to the first radio access network, where the first radioaccess network corresponds to a first frequency band corresponding to acellular or WLAN communication standard. Similarly, in someimplementations, the filter 313 b is configured to filter signalscorresponding to the second radio access network, where the second radioaccess network corresponds to a second frequency band corresponding to acellular or WLAN communication standard.

The controller 320 can be implemented to control the switching network315 to provide a respective signal path between the signal port 316 andeach of either or both of the first bi-directional port 317 a and thesecond bi-directional port 317 b.

The controller 320 can receive an indication of desired signals (e.g.,radio access networks) or an indication of expected signals (e.g., radioaccess networks) and enable corresponding paths through the switchingnetwork 315 to the filters 313 a, 313 b. The switching network 315 canbe implemented as a signal splitter, a diplexer, a combination ofswitches, or the like, as described in greater detail elsewhere herein.The controller 320 is configured to switch the paths through theswitching network 315 so that the signals received at the signal port316 from the diversity antenna 140 are selectively passed through eitherone or both of the filters 313 a, 313 b to select out signals from thefirst radio access network, the second radio access network, or both thefirst and second radio access networks. Accordingly, the controller 320intelligently controls the switching network 315 for reconfigurablenetwork selection using the multiplexer 311.

In some implementations, the multiplexer 311 is a reconfigurablemultiplexer controllable by the controller 320. For example, in someimplementations, the controller 320 is configured to selectively andintelligently activate one or more paths within the multiplexer 311 toroute the diversity signal to corresponding one or more outputs. Themultiplexer 311, for example, can include a switching network 315 thatcan selectively provide one or more simultaneous paths through theswitching network 315 to respective outputs of the multiplexer 311. Thecontroller 320 is configured to selectively activate one or more of theplurality of paths based at least in part on information regarding thecontent of the diversity signal (e.g., the frequency bands present inthe diversity signal).

As noted herein, the input 316 receives a diversity signal from thediversity antenna 140 and the first bi-directional port 317 a provides aprocessed diversity signal to a transceiver (e.g., via a transmissionline). In some embodiments, the input 316 receives a diversity signalfrom the diversity antenna 140 and the second bi-directional port 317 bprovides a processed diversity signal to a WLAN module.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of another reconfigurable multiplexer 411that can be implemented in a front end configuration 410, such as afront end module, diversity receiver module, and/or multiple inputmultiple output (MiMo) module, examples of some of which are describedherein. The multiplexer 411 is similar to the multiplexer 311 describedherein with reference to FIG. 3, except that the multiplexer 411includes a filter assembly 413 and an amplifier assembly 414. Asillustrated, the multiplexer 411 receives a signal at a signal port 416and provides up to 3 signals at output ports 417 a-417 c. It is to beunderstood, however, that the multiplexer 411 can provide any suitablenumber of output signals at 2 or more output ports. The number of signalpaths and output ports illustrated in FIG. 4 is for illustrativepurposes only. The concepts described herein with respect to themultiplexer 411 can be extended to any desirable number of signal pathsand output ports.

The multiplexer 411 can be configured to provide reconfigurable networkselection using the switching network 415. For example, the multiplexer411 can be configured to select one or more radio access networks forprocessing by forming selected paths through the switching network 415and directing signals to designated filters and/or amplifiers associatedwith a desired or targeted radio access network. The intelligence forselecting the enabled paths through the multiplexer 411 can be providedby a controller 420, similar to the controller 320 described herein withreference to FIG. 3.

The filter assembly 413 provides filtering for the respective signalsprovided by the switching network 415. The filter assembly 413 includesat least one filter per signal path through the filter assembly 413. Thefilters in the filter assembly 413 can be similar to the filters 313 a,313 b described herein with reference to FIG. 3. A filter for anindividual signal path through the filter assembly 413 can be designedto a pass a frequency band associated with a particular radio accessnetwork. The radio access networks can correspond to cellular frequencybands, examples of which are described in Table 1 herein, and/or WLANfrequency bands.

The amplifier assembly 414 provides amplification for signals that passthrough the assembly. In some embodiments, the amplifier assembly 414provides amplification for a subset of the signal paths through themultiplexer 411. For example, a signal path can pass from the filterassembly 413 to the output port 417 c without passing through theamplifier assembly 414. This signal path can then be coupled to adedicated module configured to process and/or amplify the signals fromthe output port 417 c, such as a WLAN module configured to process WLANsignals. In some embodiments, the signals that pass through both thefilter assembly 413 and the amplifier assembly 414 are cellular signalsand the signals that pass through the filter assembly 413 and not theamplifier assembly 414 are WLAN signals. In some embodiments, WLANsignals pass through the filter assembly 413 and the amplifier assembly414.

The amplifier assembly 414 can include one or more amplifiers disposedalong a corresponding one of the plurality of paths through themultiplexer, with the amplifiers being configured to amplify a signalreceived at the amplifier assembly 414. In some embodiments, the filterassembly 413 includes a bandpass filter that is configured to filter asignal corresponding to a WLAN signal and pass that signal to thirdoutput 417 c, without passing through the amplifier assembly 414. Forexample, a corresponding amplifier for the WLAN signal may be includedin a WLAN module (not shown) and not included in the amplifier assembly414. In some implementations, the filter assembly 413 includes aplurality of bandpass filters associated with particular radio accessnetworks.

In some implementations, the amplifier assembly 414 includes narrowbandamplifiers configured to amplify a signal within the respectivefrequency band of the path in which the amplifier is disposed. In someimplementations, the amplifier assembly 414 is controllable by thecontroller 420. For example, in some implementations, each of theamplifiers in the amplifier assembly 414 includes an enable/disableinput and is enabled (or disabled) based on an amplifier enable signalreceived and the enable/disable input. The amplifier enable signal maybe transmitted by the controller 420. Thus, in some implementations, thecontroller 420 is configured to selectively activate one or more of theplurality of paths by transmitting an amplifier enable signal to one ormore of the amplifiers in the amplifier assembly 414 respectivelydisposed along one or more of the plurality of paths. In suchimplementations, rather than being controlled by the controller 420, themultiplexer 411 may include a signal splitter that routes the diversitysignal to each of the plurality of paths. However, in implementations inwhich the controller 420 controls the multiplexer 411, the controller420 may also enable (or disable) particular amplifiers in the amplifierassembly 414, e.g., to save battery.

In some implementations, the amplifier assembly 414 includesvariable-gain amplifiers (VGAs). Thus, in these implementations, thefront end configuration 410 includes a plurality of variable-gainamplifiers (VGAs), each one of the VGAs disposed along a correspondingone of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signalreceived at the VGA with a gain controlled by an amplifier controlsignal received from the controller 420.

The gain of a VGA may be bypassable, step-variable,continuously-variable. In some implementations, at least one of the VGAsincludes a fixed-gain amplifier and a bypass switch controllable by theamplifier control signal. The bypass switch may (in a first position)close a line between an input of the fixed-gain amplifier to an outputof fixed-gain amplifier, allowing a signal to bypass the fixed-gainamplifier. The bypass switch may (in a second position) open the linebetween the input and the output, passing a signal through thefixed-gain amplifier. In some implementations, when the bypass switch isin the first position, the fixed-gain amplifier is disabled or otherwisereconfigured to accommodate the bypass mode.

In some implementations, at least one of the VGAs includes astep-variable gain amplifier configured to amplify the signal receivedat the VGA with a gain of one of plurality of configured amountsindicated by the amplifier control signal. In some implementations, atleast one of the VGAs includes a continuously-variable gain amplifierconfigured to amplify a signal received at the VGA with a gainproportional to the amplifier control signal.

In some implementations, the amplifier assembly 414 includesvariable-current amplifiers (VCAs). The current drawn by a VCA may bebypassable, step-variable, continuously-variable. In someimplementations, at least one of the VCAs includes a fixed-currentamplifier and a bypass switch controllable by the amplifier controlsignal. The bypass switch may (in a first position) close a line betweenan input of the fixed-current amplifier to an output of fixed-currentamplifier, allowing a signal to bypass the fixed-current amplifier. Thebypass switch may (in a second position) open the line between the inputand the output, passing a signal through the fixed-current amplifier. Insome implementations, when the bypass switch is in the first position,the fixed-current amplifier is disabled or otherwise reconfigured toaccommodate the bypass mode.

In some implementations, at least one of the VCAs includes astep-variable current amplifier configured to amplify the signalreceived at the VCA by drawing a current of one of plurality ofconfigured amounts indicated by the amplifier control signal. In someimplementations, at least one of the VCAs includes acontinuously-variable current amplifier configured to amplify a signalreceived at the VCA by drawing a current proportional to the amplifiercontrol signal.

In some implementations, the amplifier assembly 414 includes fixed-gain,fixed-current amplifiers. In some implementations, the amplifierassembly 414 includes fixed-gain, variable-current amplifiers. In someimplementations, the amplifier assembly 414 includes variable-gain,fixed-current amplifiers. In some implementations, the amplifierassembly 414 includes variable-gain, variable-current amplifiers.

In some implementations, the controller 420 generates the amplifiercontrol signal(s) based on a quality of service metric of an inputsignal received at the input. In some implementations, the controller420 generates the amplifier control signal(s) based on a signal receivedfrom a communications controller, which may, in turn, be based on aquality of service (QoS) metric of the received signal. The QoS metricof the received signal may be based, at least in part, on the diversitysignal received on the diversity antenna 140 (e.g., an input signalreceived at the input). The QoS metric of the received signal may befurther based on a signal received on a primary antenna. In someimplementations, the controller 420 generates the amplifier controlsignal(s) based on a QoS metric of the diversity signal withoutreceiving a signal from the communications controller.

In some implementations, the QoS metric includes a signal strength. Asanother example, the QoS metric may include a bit error rate, a datathroughput, a transmission delay, or any other QoS metric.

In some implementations, the controller 420 controls the gain (and/orcurrent) of the amplifiers in the amplifier assembly 414. In someimplementations, the controller 420 controls the gain of othercomponents of the wireless device, such as amplifiers in the front-endmodule (FEM), based on an amplifier control signal.

The front end configuration 410 is configured to receive signals fromthe diversity antenna 140 that may include a combination of cellular andWLAN signals (or a combination of cellular and BLUETOOTH®, a combinationof cellular and GPS, etc.). The front end configuration 410 can provideone or more advantages over other configurations that extract WLANsignals, or other signals, prior to passing the extracted signals torespective modules (e.g., front end modules, MiMo modules, WLAN modules,etc.). For example, as described in greater detail with respect to FIG.12, the front end configuration 410 can be configured to reduceinsertion losses by reducing the number of filters used to extractcellular frequencies and/or using particular filters that reduce signallosses for cellular frequencies. The font end configuration 410 canprovide these reduced insertion losses through the use of intelligentselection of signals that are filtered for WLAN frequencies, cellularfrequencies, or a combination of WLAN and cellular frequencies, theintelligent selection being accomplished using the switching network 415and the controller 420.

In some embodiments, the output ports 417 a-417 c are bi-directionalsignal ports, configured to transmit and receive radio access networksignals. In such embodiments, the amplifier assembly 414 can includeamplifiers configured to amplify signals for transmission as well asamplifiers configured to amplify received signals. Furthermore, in suchembodiments, the filter assembly 413 can include duplexers configured tofilter received signals and signals to be transmitted by the antenna140.

Although not illustrated, it is to be understood that 2 or more of theoutput ports 417 a-417 c can be passed to a second multiplexer forsignal combination. In some embodiments, one or more of the output ports417 a-417 c can be passed to another module without being combined withthe other signals from other output ports. It is also to be understoodthat the front end configuration 410 can include additional componentsthat are not included in the illustrations, such as components forimpedance matching, phase matching, additional filtering, amplification,switching, etc.

FIG. 5 illustrates another example of a front end configuration 510 thatincludes a plurality of filters 513 a-513 d coupled to the switchingnetwork 515 in a multiplexer 511. The front end configuration 510 alsoincludes a plurality of amplifiers 514 a-514 c coupled to a subset ofthe filtered paths from the filters 513 a-513 c. The switching network515 is illustrated as a plurality of single pole, single throw switchesthat can be independently operated. The controller 520 is configured toselectively operate the switches in the switching network 515 tointelligently select desired or targeted paths through the switchingnetwork 515 for further filtering with an associated filter 513 a-513 dand possibly amplification with an associated amplifier 514 a-514 c.

The front end configuration 510 can be configured to select one or moreof a plurality of cellular signals that can be output at output ports517 a-517 c in combination with a WLAN signal that can be selected andoutput at output port 517 d. As illustrated, it is to be understood thatthe number of filters, associated amplifiers, and associated outputports can be expanded to cover any suitable number of cellular networks.For example, the front end configuration 510 can include N+1 switchablepaths where each of N paths passes through a particular filterassociated with a cellular frequency band and a corresponding amplifier,and the remaining path passes through a filter associated with WLANsignals (e.g., a WLAN 2.4 GHz signal).

FIG. 6 illustrates a front end configuration 710 that supports multiplecellular frequency bands and bi-directional communication for WLANsignals. The front end configuration 710 includes a multiplexer 711 thatis similar to the multiplexers 411, 511 respectively described withreference to FIGS. 4 and 5. The front end configuration 710 includes aswitching network 715, filters 713 a-713 d, and amplifiers 714 a-714 csimilar to the switching network 515, filters 513 a-513 d, andamplifiers 514 a-514 c described in greater detail herein with referenceto FIG. 5. The front end configuration 710 further includes a duplexer719 (e.g., a switch) that provides for bi-directional communication ofWLAN signals. The front end configuration 710 includes a controller 720that is configured to selectively control the switching network 715 andthe duplexer 719. The front end configuration 710 also includes anamplifier 714 d configured to amplify received WLAN signals (e.g., alow-noise amplifier or LNA) and an amplifier 718 configured to amplifyWLAN signals for transmission (e.g., a power amplifier or PA). The WLANsignals for transmission can be received at WLAN transmit port 717 e andpassed to signal port 716 for transmission using antenna 140.Accordingly, the front end configuration 710 can be configured tomultiplex multiple cellular signals, extract received WLAN signals, andprocess WLAN signals for transmission. In some embodiments, the frontend configuration 710 is configured to support simultaneous processingof multiple mid-band and/or high-band cellular frequency bands inconjunction with filtering WLAN 2.4 GHz signals.

FIG. 7 illustrates a front end configuration 810 that supports multiplecellular frequency bands and bi-directional communication for multipleWLAN signal bands. Similar to the front end configuration 710 describedwith reference to FIG. 6, the front end configuration 810 includes aplurality of signal paths for cellular signals, the paths configured topass through a switching network 815, filters 813 a-813 c, andamplifiers 814 a-814 c. Expanding on the front end configuration 710described with reference to FIG. 6, the front end configuration 810supports bi-directional communication for two WLAN signal frequencybands (e.g., WLAN 2.4 GHz signals and WLAN 5 GHz signals). The front endconfiguration 810 includes two duplexers 819 a, 819 b that supportbi-directional communication for WLAN signals. The front endconfiguration 810 selectively provides a path from the switching network815, through filters 813 d, 813 e and amplifiers 814 d, 814 e to outputports 817 d, 817 f for received WLAN signals. The front endconfiguration 810 selectively provides a path from WLAN transmit ports817 e, 817 g through amplifiers 818 a, 818 b, filters 813 d, 813 e, andswitching network 815 to signal port 816 for transmission with antenna140. The front end configuration 810 includes a controller 820 that isconfigured to selectively control the switching network 815 and theduplexers 819 a, 819 b. Accordingly, the front end configuration 810 canbe configured to multiplex multiple cellular signals, extract receivedWLAN signals from multiple WLAN frequency bands, and process WLANsignals for transmission from multiple WLAN frequency bands. In someembodiments, the front end configuration 810 is configured to supportsimultaneous processing of multiple mid-band and/or high-band cellularfrequency bands in conjunction with filtering WLAN 2.4 GHz and 5 GHzsignals.

FIG. 8 illustrates a front end configuration 910 that includesmultiplexers 911 a, 911 b that respectively support low-band (LB)cellular signals and mid-band/high-band (MB-HB) cellular signals withWLAN 2.4 GHz signals. Prior to sending signals to the multiplexers 911a, 911 b, signals from the antenna 140 pass through a triplexer 142, asdescribed herein with reference to FIG. 1. The triplexer 142 can includea low-pass filter that passes low-band cellular frequencies to themultiplexer 911 a. The triplexer 142 can include a band-pass filter thatpasses mid-band and high-band cellular signals as well as WLAN signalsto the multiplexer 911 b. The triplexer 142 can include a high-passfilter that passes ultrahigh-band cellular signals and/or higherfrequency WLAN signals to another multiplexer or module (not shown).Although not shown for the sake of clarity in the figure, it is to beunderstood that the front end configuration 910 includes a controllerconfigured to selectively control switching networks 915 a, 915 b.

The front end configuration 910 includes the multiplexer 911 a forlow-band cellular signals, the multiplexer 911 a similar to themultiplexer 311 described herein in greater detail with reference toFIG. 3. The front end configuration 910 includes the multiplexer 911 bfor mid-band and high-band cellular signals as well as WLAN signals(e.g., WLAN 2.4 GHz signals), the multiplexer 911 b similar to themultiplexer 511 described herein in greater detail with reference toFIG. 5. In some embodiments, the multiplexer 911 a is configured tosupport cellular frequency bands that are less than a thresholdfrequency defined by the triplexer 142. In certain implementations, themultiplexer 911 a does not include a path for WLAN signals. In someembodiments, the multiplexer 911 b is configured to support cellularfrequency bands that are within a range of frequencies defined by thetriplexer 142. In certain implementations, the multiplexer 911 bincludes a plurality of paths, each path corresponding to a cellularfrequency band, and a single path corresponding to a WLAN frequency band(e.g., WLAN 2.4 GHz), the WLAN frequency band falling within the rangeof frequencies covered by the plurality of cellular frequency bands.

The front end configuration 910 can be configured to integrate a WLANsignal path into a front end module to select out WLAN signals forfurther processing in a dedicated module. This is in contrast to usingthe triplexer 142 or other multiplexer to select out WLAN signals forprocessing in a dedicated module. Accordingly, the front endconfiguration 910 can be configured to replace a bulky WLAN/cellmultiplexer with a simple diplexer or triplexer (e.g., a LC diplexer orLC triplexer) while maintaining simultaneous WLAN/cell operation. Thiscan significantly reduce cell insertion loss.

The front end configuration 910 can be configured to support a systemwith 2×2 MiMo sharing that supports LB and MB-HB cellular frequenciesand WLAN 2.4G frequencies. The front end configuration 910 can berepeated for each of a plurality of antennas. For example, the front endconfiguration 910 can be repeated to support a system having 4×4 MiMosharing that supports LB and MB-HB cellular frequencies and WLAN 2.4Gfrequencies.

FIG. 9 illustrates a front end module 1010 configured to support LB,MB-HB, and UHB cellular signals as well as multiple WLAN signalfrequency bands (e.g., WLAN 2.4 GHz and WLAN 5 GHz). The front endconfiguration 1010 includes a multiplexer 1011 a for LB cellular signalsthat is similar to the multiplexer 911 a described herein with referenceto FIG. 8. The front end configuration 1010 includes a secondmultiplexer 1011 b that is configured to support MB-HB cellular signals,UHB cellular signals, and WLAN signals having a frequency range that isnear or within the MB-HB cellular frequency range and higher frequencyWLAN signals having a frequency range that is near or within the UHBcellular frequency range. As in FIG. 8, it is to be understood that acontroller is present that controls the switching networks 1015 a-1015c.

The second multiplexer 1011 b includes a first switching network 1015 band a second switching network 1015 c. The first switching network 1015b is configured to selectively route signals that fall within the MB-HBcellular frequency range, including WLAN signals. Similarly, the secondswitching network 1015 c is configured to selectively route signals thatfall within the UHB cellular frequency range, including WLAN signals.The first and second switching networks 1015 b, 1015 c route cellularsignals through filters 1013 d-1013 g and corresponding amplifiers 1014d-1014 g to output ports 1017 d-1017 g. Similarly, the first and secondswitching networks 1015 b, 1015 c route WLAN signals through filters1013 h, 1013 i to output ports 1017 h-1017 i.

The triplexer 142 filters LB cellular signals from the antenna 140, theLB cellular signals being directed to the switching network 1015 a inthe multiplexer 1011 a. The triplexer 142 filters MB-HB cellular signalsand WLAN signals within the MB-HB cellular frequency range, thesefiltered signals being directed to the first switching network 1015 b inthe second multiplexer 1011 b. The triplexer 142 filters UHB cellularsignals and WLAN signals above the MB-HB cellular frequency range, thesefiltered signals being directed to the second switching network 1015 cin the second multiplexer 1011 b. The first switching network 1015 b,under control of a controller, routes cellular signals throughcorresponding filters 1013 d-1013 f and amplifiers 1014 d-1014 f. Thefirst switching network 1015 b, under control of a controller, routesWLAN signals through a corresponding filter 1013 h. Similarly, thesecond switching network 1015 c, under control of a controller, routescellular signals through a corresponding filter 1013 g and amplifier1014 g. The second switching network 1015 c, under control of acontroller, routes WLAN signals through a corresponding filter 1013 i.Accordingly, the front end configuration 1010 can be configured tosupport cellular frequencies across a wide range of cellular frequencybands as well as WLAN signals falling within any of these cellularfrequency bands. Insertion losses can be reduced due at least in part tothe combination of filters and the triplexer 142 that intelligently andselectively filters cellular signals and WLAN signals within the frontend configuration 1010.

The front end configuration 1010 can be configured to support a systemwith 2×2 MiMo sharing and cell/WLAN 2.4G/5G signals. By repeating theillustrated configuration two times, for example, a system with 4×4 MiMosharing and cell/WLAN 2.4G/5G signals can be supported.

FIG. 10 illustrates a front end configuration 1110 configured forbi-directional communication for cellular frequency bands. As describedherein, the antenna 130 receives signals that are split into threefrequency bands by a triplexer 132. Similarly, signals from threedifferent signal bands are combined by the triplexer 132 fortransmission with the antenna 130. LB cellular signals are routedthrough a first multiplexer 1111 a having a switching network 1115 a anda duplexer for each path through the first multiplexer 1111 a. Forexample, the first multiplexer 1111 a is illustrated with two paths andtwo duplexers 1113 a, 1113 b. It is to be understood, however, thatadditional paths can be provided with the multiplexer 1111 a. For eachcellular frequency band or radio access network, a receive amplifier1114 a, 1114 b is provided to amplify received signals and a transmitamplifier 1118 a, 1118 b is provided to amplify signals fortransmission.

MB-HB cellular signals are routed through a second multiplexer 1111 bhaving a first switching network 1115 b and a duplexer for each pathassociated with a cellular frequency band. For example, the secondmultiplexer 1111 b is illustrated with two paths and two duplexers 1113c, 1113 d coupled to the first switching network 1115 b. It is to beunderstood, however, that additional paths can be provided with thesecond multiplexer 1111 b. For each cellular frequency band or radioaccess network, a receive amplifier 1114 c, 1114 d is provided toamplify received signals and a transmit amplifier 1118 c, 1118 d isprovided to amplify signals for transmission.

UHB cellular signals are routed through the second multiplexer 1111 bhaving a second switching network 1115 c and a filter 1113 e associatedwith a cellular frequency band. The UHB cellular signal is routedthrough a duplexer 1119 (e.g., a switch) that routes received signalsand signals for transmission through the filter 1113 e and the secondswitching network 1115 c. For the cellular frequency band or radioaccess network, a receive amplifier 1114 e is provided to amplifyreceived signals and a transmit amplifier 1118 e is provided to amplifysignals for transmission.

WLAN signals provided at the second signal port 1116 b from thetriplexer 132 are routed through the first switching network 1115 b andthrough a first WLAN filter 1113 f. Similarly, WLAN signals provide atthe third signal port 1116 c from the triplexer are routed through thesecond switching network 1115 c and through a second WLAN filter 1113 g.In some embodiments, the WLAN signals at the second signal port 1116 bcorrespond to WLAN 2.4 GHz signals and the WLAN signals at the thirdsignal port 1116 c correspond to WLAN 5 GHz signals.

The front end configuration 1110 can be implemented in a front endmodule to transmit and receive cellular and WLAN signals. The front endconfiguration 1110 can be repeated twice and combined with two copies ofthe front end configuration 1010 described herein with reference to FIG.9 to form a system with cell and WLAN 4×4 MiMo sharing that supportscellular and WLAN 2.4G/5G signals. The front end configuration 1110 cansupport primary paths in a wireless device, for example, while the frontend configuration 1010 can support diversity paths in the wirelessdevice.

FIG. 11 illustrates a front end configuration 1210 that expands on thefront end configuration 1010 described herein with reference to FIG. 9to support additional communication standards, such as LTE-LAA (LicenseAssisted Access) that uses unlicensed spectrum to increase datathroughput. The front end configuration 1210 is similar to the front endconfiguration 1010, additionally including a plurality of switches 1219a-1219 c to selectively direct signals in the WLAN 5G frequency band toa WLAN module or to direct the signals through an amplifier 1214 i whichcan then be processed as a cellular signal at output port 1217 i or bepassed to a WLAN module at port 1217 j. In some embodiments, signalsthat pass through the filter 1213 i are passed to a WLAN module at port1217 j without passing through the amplifier 1214 i. The signal routedthrough the amplifier 1214 i and out through port 1217 i can be used toprovide LTE-LAA capabilities. The filter 1213 i can be configured as afilter for WLAN 5G signals.

FIG. 12 illustrates a comparison of different filter and multiplexerarchitectures. The plots provide simulated data corresponding to thethree different architectures to illustrate improvements in insertionlosses associated with incorporating WLAN and cellular filters into amultiplexer after an external multiplexer. Examples of front endconfigurations that incorporate WLAN and cellular filters into amultiplexer after an external multiplexer are provided herein. In someembodiments, performance is improved by removing cascaded filters. Insome embodiments, the disclosed architectures enable concurrentoperation of WLAN and cellular through the use of multiplexers withswitching networks as described herein.

A first example architecture 1300 a (with data plotted and identifiedwith the label “A” in the plots) includes an antenna 140, a diplexer1305 a, a cellular filter 1310, and a WLAN filter 1315. In someembodiments, the diplexer 1305 a can be a low temperature co-firedceramic (LTCC) filter. This general architecture corresponds to theexample front end configurations described herein with reference toFIGS. 3-11. Although not illustrated, it is to be understood that aswitching network can be implemented between the diplexer 1305 a and thefilters 1310, 1315.

A second example architecture 1300 b (with data plotted and identifiedwith the label “B” in the plots) includes an antenna 140, a multiplexer1305 b, and a cellular filter 1310. This general architecturecorresponds to configurations that extract cellular and WLAN signals atthe multiplexer 1305 b for routing directly to dedicated modules (e.g.,diversity modules, MiMo modules, WLAN modules, etc.).

A third example architecture 1300 c (with data plotted and identifiedwith the label “C” in the plots) includes an antenna 140, a firstdiplexer 1305 c, a second diplexer 1307, and a cellular filter 1310.This general architecture corresponds to configurations that firstdivide signals into high and low frequencies, followed by an extractorthat extracts WLAN signals from cellular signals.

The three plots correspond to insertion losses as a function offrequency for three example cellular frequency bands: B25, B66, and B41.The cellular filter 1310 thus corresponds, respectively, to the B25cellular band in the plot on the left, to the B66 cellular band in theplot in the middle, and to the B41 cellular band in the plot on theright. In each plot, the first configuration 1300 a is demonstrated toreduce insertion losses relative to the other two architectures 1300 b,1300 c. Accordingly, by incorporating cellular and WLAN filters into areconfigurable multiplexer, as described herein, insertion losses can bereduced relative to architectures that use diplexers, triplexers,multiplexers, and/or cascaded filters to extract WLAN signals prior tofiltering the signals for desired or targeted cellular frequency bands.Due at least in part to the first architecture 1300 a intelligentlyfiltering received signals to extract WLAN signals when appropriate,insertion losses can be reduced. Similarly, insertion losses can bereduced due at least in part to the losses introduced by the diplexer1305 a in the first example architecture 1300 a being less than thelosses introduced by the multiplexer 1305 b in the second examplearchitecture 1300 b and the combination of the first diplexer 1305 c andthe second diplexer 1307 in the third example architecture 1300 c.Accordingly, the first architecture 1300 a can improve multiplexingcellular and WLAN signals by using switches in parallel to directsignals into dedicated filters for particular radio access networks.This can, for example, reduce insertion losses that arise from cascadingmultiple filters such as cascading a notch filter and a dedicated filterfor a particular radio access network.

As described herein, the front end configurations can be configured toroute a WLAN signal through a front end module (e.g., a DRx module) andperform at least one filtering operation. These architectures may beparticularly beneficial when cellular signals and WLAN signals are closetogether. When these signals are close to one another, losses mayincrease due at least in part to the use of cascading of filters or tothe use of notch filters on cellular signals to remove or extract WLANsignals. The described front end configurations may also enable theremoval of filters in other modules, such as a WLAN module, through theincorporation of dedicated filters into the front end configuration. Insome implementations, the use of dedicated filters in a reconfigurablemultiplexer, as described herein, can provide performance similar to asystem with a dedicated antenna for each radio access network or foreach communication protocol (e.g., cellular, WLAN, BLUETOOTH®, GPS,etc.).

Examples of Modules, Architectures, and Devices

FIG. 13 shows that in some embodiments, some or all of the diversityreceiver configurations, including some or all of the diversity receiverconfigurations having combinations of features (e.g., FIGS. 3-11), canbe implemented, wholly or partially, in a module. Such a module can be,for example, a front-end module (FEM). Such a module can be, forexample, a diversity receiver (DRx) FEM. Such a module can be, forexample, a multi-input, multi-output (MiMo) module.

In the example of FIG. 13, a module 1450 can include a packagingsubstrate 1402, and a number of components can be mounted on such apackaging substrate 1402. For example, a controller 1420 (which mayinclude a front-end power management integrated circuit [FE-PIMC]), anamplifier assembly 1406 having one or more features as described herein(e.g., power amplifiers, low noise amplifiers, etc.), a multiplexingassembly 1410 that includes a reconfigurable multiplexer 1411, and afilter bank 1408 (which may include one or more bandpass filters) can bemounted and/or implemented on and/or within the packaging substrate1402. In some embodiments, the filter bank 1408 is implemented as partof the multiplexing assembly 1410. Other components, such as a number ofSMT devices 1405, can also be mounted on the packaging substrate 1402.Although all of the various components are depicted as being laid out onthe packaging substrate 1402, it will be understood that somecomponent(s) can be implemented over other component(s).

FIG. 14 shows that in some embodiments, some or all of the diversityreceiver configurations, including some or all of the diversity receiverconfigurations having combinations of features (e.g., FIGS. 3-11), canbe implemented, wholly or partially, in an architecture. Such anarchitecture may include one or more modules, and can be configured toprovide front-end functionality such as diversity receiver (DRx)front-end functionality.

In the example of FIG. 14, an architecture 1550 can include a controller1520 (which may include a front-end power management integrated circuit[FE-PIMC]), an amplifier assembly 1506 having one or more features asdescribed herein (e.g., power amplifiers, low noise amplifiers, etc.), amultiplexing assembly 1510 having a reconfigurable multiplexer 1511, anda filter bank 1508 (which may include one or more bandpass filters). Insome embodiments, the filter bank 1508 is implemented as part of themultiplexing assembly 1510. Other components, such as a number of SMTdevices 1505, can also be implemented in the architecture 1550.

In some implementations, a device and/or a circuit having one or morefeatures described herein can be included in an RF electronic devicesuch as a wireless device. Such a device and/or a circuit can beimplemented directly in the wireless device, in a modular form asdescribed herein, or in some combination thereof. In some embodiments,such a wireless device can include, for example, a cellular phone, asmart-phone, a hand-held wireless device with or without phonefunctionality, a wireless tablet, etc.

FIG. 15 depicts an example wireless device 1600 having one or moreadvantageous features described herein. In the context of one or moremodules having one or more features as described herein, such modulescan be generally depicted by a dashed box 1610 (which can be implementedas, for example, a front-end module), a diversity receiver (DRx) module1650 (which can be implemented as, for example, a front-end module), anda wireless local area network (WLAN) module 1660.

Power amplifiers (PAs) 1620 can receive their respective RF signals froma transceiver 1612 that can be configured and operated to generate RFsignals to be amplified and transmitted, and to process receivedsignals. The transceiver 1612 is shown to interact with a basebandsub-system 1609 that is configured to provide conversion between dataand/or voice signals suitable for a user and RF signals suitable for thetransceiver 1612. The transceiver 1612 can also be in communication witha power management component 1606 that is configured to manage power forthe operation of the wireless device 1600. Such power management canalso control operations of the baseband sub-system 1609 and the modules1610, 1650, and 1660.

The baseband sub-system 1609 is shown to be connected to a userinterface 1602 to facilitate various input and output of voice and/ordata provided to and received from the user. The baseband sub-system1609 can also be connected to a memory 1604 that is configured to storedata and/or instructions to facilitate the operation of the wirelessdevice, and/or to provide storage of information for the user.

In the example wireless device 1600, outputs of the PAs 1620 are shownto be matched (via respective match circuits 1622) and routed to theirrespective duplexers 1624. Such amplified and filtered signals can berouted to a primary antenna 1630 through a switching network 1615 fortransmission. In some embodiments, the duplexers 1624 can allow transmitand receive operations to be performed simultaneously using a commonantenna (e.g., primary antenna 1630). Received signals can be routed to“Rx” paths that can include, for example, a low-noise amplifier (LNA)1626.

In the example wireless device 1600, signals received at the primaryantenna 1630 can be sent to a reconfigurable multiplexer 1611 a in thefront end module 1610. The reconfigurable multiplexer 1611 a can includeduplexers 1624 that include bandpass filters configured to passfrequencies corresponding to particular radio access networks. In someembodiments, at least one path through the multiplexer 1611 acorresponds to a WLAN signal that is sent to the WLAN module 1660 oranother WLAN module of the wireless device 1600. This path passesthrough the filter 1613 configured to pass signals corresponding to theWLAN signal. In some implementations, the reconfigurable multiplexer1611 a can be similar to the multiplexer 1111 b described herein withreference to FIG. 10.

The wireless device also includes a diversity antenna 1640 and adiversity receiver module 1650 that receives signals from the diversityantenna 1640. The diversity receive module includes a reconfigurablemultiplexer 1611 b, similar to the reconfigurable multiplexer 1611 a inthe front end module 1610. The diversity receiver module 1650 and thereconfigurable multiplexer 1611 b process the received signals andtransmit the processed cellular signals via a transmission line 135 tothe transceiver 1612. The diversity receiver module 1650 and thereconfigurable multiplexer 1611 b process the received signals andtransmit the processed WLAN signals to the WLAN module 1660. In someembodiments, a diplexer or triplexer can be included between thediversity antenna 1640 and the diversity Rx module 1650, as describedherein.

One or more features of the present disclosure can be implemented withvarious cellular frequency bands as described herein. Examples of suchbands are listed in Table 1. It will be understood that at least some ofthe bands can be divided into sub-bands. It will also be understood thatone or more features of the present disclosure can be implemented withfrequency ranges that do not have designations such as the examples ofTable 1. It is to be understood that the term radio frequency (RF) andradio frequency signals refers to signals that include at least thefrequencies listed in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Tx Frequency Rx Frequency Band Mode Range (MHz) Range (MHz) B1FDD 1,920-1,980 2,110-2,170 B2 FDD 1,850-1,910 1,930-1,990 B3 FDD1,710-1,785 1,805-1,880 B4 FDD 1,710-1,755 2,110-2,155 B5 FDD 824-849869-894 B6 FDD 830-840 875-885 B7 FDD 2,500-2,570 2,620-2,690 B8 FDD880-915 925-960 B9 FDD 1,749.9-1,784.9 1,844.9-1,879.9 B10 FDD1,710-1,770 2,110-2,170 B11 FDD 1,427.9-1,447.9 1,475.9-1,495.9 B12 FDD699-716 729-746 B13 FDD 777-787 746-756 B14 FDD 788-798 758-768 B15 FDD1,900-1,920 2,600-2,620 B16 FDD 2,010-2,025 2,585-2,600 B17 FDD 704-716734-746 B18 FDD 815-830 860-875 B19 FDD 830-845 875-890 B20 FDD 832-862791-821 B21 FDD 1,447.9-1,462.9 1,495.9-1,510.9 B22 FDD 3,410-3,4903,510-3,590 B23 FDD 2,000-2,020 2,180-2,200 B24 FDD 1,626.5-1,660.51,525-1,559 B25 FDD 1,850-1,915 1,930-1,995 B26 FDD 814-849 859-894 B27FDD 807-824 852-869 B28 FDD 703-748 758-803 B29 FDD N/A 716-728 B30 FDD2,305-2,315 2,350-2,360 B31 FDD 452.5-457.5 462.5-467.5 B32 FDD N/A1,452-1,496 B33 TDD 1,900-1,920 1,900-1,920 B34 TDD 2,010-2,0252,010-2,025 B35 TDD 1,850-1,910 1,850-1,910 B36 TDD 1,930-1,9901,930-1,990 B37 TDD 1,910-1,930 1,910-1,930 B38 TDD 2,570-2,6202,570-2,620 B39 TDD 1,880-1,920 1,880-1,920 B40 TDD 2,300-2,4002,300-2,400 B41 TDD 2,496-2,690 2,496-2,690 B42 TDD 3,400-3,6003,400-3,600 B43 TDD 3,600-3,800 3,600-3,800 B44 TDD 703-803 703-803 B45TDD 1,447-1,467 1,447-1,467 B46 TDD 5,150-5,925 5,150-5,925 B65 FDD1,920-2,010 2,110-2,200 B66 FDD 1,710-1,780 2,110-2,200 B67 FDD N/A738-758 B68 FDD 698-728 753-783

The present disclosure describes various features, no single one ofwhich is solely responsible for the benefits described herein. It willbe understood that various features described herein may be combined,modified, or omitted, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill.Other combinations and sub-combinations than those specificallydescribed herein will be apparent to one of ordinary skill, and areintended to form a part of this disclosure. Various methods aredescribed herein in connection with various flowchart steps and/orphases. It will be understood that in many cases, certain steps and/orphases may be combined together such that multiple steps and/or phasesshown in the flowcharts can be performed as a single step and/or phase.Also, certain steps and/or phases can be broken into additionalsub-components to be performed separately. In some instances, the orderof the steps and/or phases can be rearranged and certain steps and/orphases may be omitted entirely. Also, the methods described herein areto be understood to be open-ended, such that additional steps and/orphases to those shown and described herein can also be performed.

Some aspects of the systems and methods described herein canadvantageously be implemented using, for example, computer software,hardware, firmware, or any combination of computer software, hardware,and firmware. Computer software can comprise computer executable codestored in a computer readable medium (e.g., non-transitory computerreadable medium) that, when executed, performs the functions describedherein. In some embodiments, computer-executable code is executed by oneor more general purpose computer processors. A skilled artisan willappreciate, in light of this disclosure, that any feature or functionthat can be implemented using software to be executed on a generalpurpose computer can also be implemented using a different combinationof hardware, software, or firmware. For example, such a module can beimplemented completely in hardware using a combination of integratedcircuits. Alternatively or additionally, such a feature or function canbe implemented completely or partially using specialized computersdesigned to perform the particular functions described herein ratherthan by general purpose computers.

Multiple distributed computing devices can be substituted for any onecomputing device described herein. In such distributed embodiments, thefunctions of the one computing device are distributed (e.g., over anetwork) such that some functions are performed on each of thedistributed computing devices.

Some embodiments may be described with reference to equations,algorithms, and/or flowchart illustrations. These methods may beimplemented using computer program instructions executable on one ormore computers. These methods may also be implemented as computerprogram products either separately, or as a component of an apparatus orsystem. In this regard, each equation, algorithm, block, or step of aflowchart, and combinations thereof, may be implemented by hardware,firmware, and/or software including one or more computer programinstructions embodied in computer-readable program code logic. As willbe appreciated, any such computer program instructions may be loadedonto one or more computers, including without limitation a generalpurpose computer or special purpose computer, or other programmableprocessing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the computerprogram instructions which execute on the computer(s) or otherprogrammable processing device(s) implement the functions specified inthe equations, algorithms, and/or flowcharts. It will also be understoodthat each equation, algorithm, and/or block in flowchart illustrations,and combinations thereof, may be implemented by special purposehardware-based computer systems which perform the specified functions orsteps, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer-readableprogram code logic means.

Furthermore, computer program instructions, such as embodied incomputer-readable program code logic, may also be stored in a computerreadable memory (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium) thatcan direct one or more computers or other programmable processingdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructionsstored in the computer-readable memory implement the function(s)specified in the block(s) of the flowchart(s). The computer programinstructions may also be loaded onto one or more computers or otherprogrammable computing devices to cause a series of operational steps tobe performed on the one or more computers or other programmablecomputing devices to produce a computer-implemented process such thatthe instructions which execute on the computer or other programmableprocessing apparatus provide steps for implementing the functionsspecified in the equation(s), algorithm(s), and/or block(s) of theflowchart(s).

Some or all of the methods and tasks described herein may be performedand fully automated by a computer system. The computer system may, insome cases, include multiple distinct computers or computing devices(e.g., physical servers, workstations, storage arrays, etc.) thatcommunicate and interoperate over a network to perform the describedfunctions. Each such computing device typically includes a processor (ormultiple processors) that executes program instructions or modulesstored in a memory or other non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium or device. The various functions disclosed herein may be embodiedin such program instructions, although some or all of the disclosedfunctions may alternatively be implemented in application-specificcircuitry (e.g., ASICs or FPGAs) of the computer system. Where thecomputer system includes multiple computing devices, these devices may,but need not, be co-located. The results of the disclosed methods andtasks may be persistently stored by transforming physical storagedevices, such as solid state memory chips and/or magnetic disks, into adifferent state.

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout thedescription and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and thelike are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to anexclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of“including, but not limited to.” The word “coupled”, as generally usedherein, refers to two or more elements that may be either directlyconnected, or connected by way of one or more intermediate elements.Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below,” and words of similarimport, when used in this application, shall refer to this applicationas a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. Wherethe context permits, words in the above Detailed Description using thesingular or plural number may also include the plural or singular numberrespectively. The word “or” in reference to a list of two or more items,that word covers all of the following interpretations of the word: anyof the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and anycombination of the items in the list. The word “exemplary” is usedexclusively herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, orillustration.” Any implementation described herein as “exemplary” is notnecessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over otherimplementations.

The disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementationsshown herein. Various modifications to the implementations described inthis disclosure may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, andthe generic principles defined herein may be applied to otherimplementations without departing from the spirit or scope of thisdisclosure. The teachings of the invention provided herein can beapplied to other methods and systems, and are not limited to the methodsand systems described above, and elements and acts of the variousembodiments described above can be combined to provide furtherembodiments. Accordingly, the novel methods and systems described hereinmay be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, variousomissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods andsystems described herein may be made without departing from the spiritof the disclosure. The accompanying claims and their equivalents areintended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within thescope and spirit of the disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A front end configuration comprising: a triplexerconfigured to receive signals from an antenna, the triplexer including afirst filter to provide signals in a first frequency range, a secondfilter to provide signals in a second frequency range that includescellular frequency bands and a first wireless local area networkfrequency band, and a third filter to provide signals in a thirdfrequency range that includes cellular frequency bands and a secondwireless local area network frequency band; a first multiplexer with asignal port coupled to the first filter of the triplexer, the firstmultiplexer including a switching network that provides a plurality ofsignal paths with each signal path including a duplexer to enablebi-directional communication of cellular signals in the first frequencyrange; and a second multiplexer with a first signal port coupled to thesecond filter of the triplexer and a second signal port coupled to thethird filter of the triplexer, the second multiplexer including a firstswitching network coupled to the first signal port that provides aplurality of signal paths with at least one path for cellular signalsand at least one path for wireless local area network signals with theat least one path for cellular signals including a duplexer to enablebi-directional communication, the second multiplexer including a secondswitching network coupled to the second signal port that provides asecond plurality of signal paths with at least one path for cellularsignals and at least one path for wireless local area network signalswith the at least one path for cellular signals including a duplexer toenable bi-directional communication.
 2. The front end configuration ofclaim 1 wherein the first frequency range includes low-band cellularsignals.
 3. The front end configuration of claim 1 wherein the secondfrequency range includes mid-band and high-band cellular signals and 2.4GHz wireless local area network signals.
 4. The front end configurationof claim 1 wherein the third frequency range includes ultrahigh-bandcellular signals and 5 GHz wireless local area network signals.
 5. Thefront end configuration of claim 1 wherein each duplexer is coupled to atransmit amplifier and a receive amplifier.
 6. The front endconfiguration of claim 1 wherein the at least one path for wirelesslocal area network signals of the first switching network of the secondmultiplexer includes a wireless local area network filter.
 7. The frontend configuration of claim 6 wherein the at least one path for wirelesslocal area network signals of the second switching network of the secondmultiplexer includes a wireless local area network filter.
 8. The frontend configuration of claim 1 wherein the at least one path for cellularsignals of the second switching network of the second multiplexerincludes a filter between the duplexer and the second switching network.9. The front end configuration of claim 8 wherein the duplexer of the atleast one path for cellular signals of the second switching networkcomprises a single pole double throw switch.
 10. The front endconfiguration of claim 1 wherein wireless local area network signalsfrom the first and second switching networks of the second multiplexerare electrically coupled to a wireless local area network module. 11.The front end configuration of claim 10 wherein the wireless local areanetwork signals from the first and second switching networks of thesecond multiplexer are not coupled to an amplifier prior to the wirelesslocal area network module.
 12. A wireless device comprising: an antennaconfigured to receive cellular and wireless local area network signals;a triplexer configured to receive signals from the antenna, thetriplexer including a first filter to provide signals in a firstfrequency range, a second filter to provide signals in a secondfrequency range that includes cellular frequency bands and a firstwireless local area network frequency band, and a third filter toprovide signals in a third frequency range that includes cellularfrequency bands and a second wireless local area network frequency band;and a front end module that includes a first multiplexer with a signalport coupled to the first filter of the triplexer, the first multiplexerincluding a switching network that provides a plurality of signal pathswith each signal path including a duplexer to enable bi-directionalcommunication of cellular signals in the first frequency range; thefront end module also including a second multiplexer with a first signalport coupled to the second filter of the triplexer and a second signalport coupled to the third filter of the triplexer, the secondmultiplexer including a first switching network coupled to the firstsignal port that provides a plurality of signal paths with at least onepath for cellular signals and at least one path for wireless local areanetwork signals with the at least one path for cellular signalsincluding a duplexer to enable bi-directional communication, the secondmultiplexer including a second switching network coupled to the secondsignal port that provides a second plurality of signal paths with atleast one path for cellular signals and at least one path for wirelesslocal area network signals with the at least one path for cellularsignals including a duplexer to enable bi-directional communication. 13.The wireless device of claim 12 further comprising a wireless local areanetwork module electrically coupled to the first and second switchingnetworks of the second multiplexer and configured to process wirelesslocal area network signals.
 14. The wireless device of claim 13 furthercomprising a transceiver coupled to the front end module and to thewireless local area network module, the transceiver configured toreceive processed cellular signals from the front end module and toreceive processed wireless local area network signals from the wirelesslocal area network module.
 15. The wireless device of claim 12 whereinthe front end module is configured to concurrently process cellularsignals and wireless local area network signals without the use ofcascaded filters.
 16. The wireless device of claim 12 wherein the firstfrequency range includes low-band cellular signals.
 17. The wirelessdevice of claim 12 wherein the second frequency range includes mid-bandand high-band cellular signals and 2.4 GHz wireless local area networksignals.
 18. The wireless device of claim 12 wherein the third frequencyrange includes ultrahigh-band cellular signals and 5 GHz wireless localarea network signals.
 19. The wireless device of claim 12 wherein eachduplexer is coupled to a transmit amplifier and a receive amplifier. 20.The wireless device of claim 12 wherein the at least one path forcellular signals of the second switching network of the secondmultiplexer includes a filter between the duplexer and the secondswitching network.